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“There are people,” was published on November 5, “how to deal with waste laptop battery for electric vehicles”, to reflect Mr. Yang, Foshan City, part of the region from December 1 ban on electric bicycles on the road. There are a lot of home electric vehicle battery of people would like to step down when cycling, I learned that the pollution batteries very concerned the proposed guidelines on the proper disposal of waste batteries for electric vehicles.

Moderator of this column will be fed back to the issue of City Environmental Protection Bureau, Environmental Protection Agency to respond as follows: At present, there is the vast majority of the electric bike is used lead-acid batteries contain toxic heavy metals such as lead, the lead-acid batteries used in a special hazardous waste, Its collection, transport links must be included in the hazardous waste management.

Waste electric vehicle battery of 90% of what can be recycled, in particular the plate, bus, the lead column, dell Inspiron 6000 battery waste of Lead, acid or toxic or corrosive, random dumping, scattered, secondary pollution on the environment. In 2003 the State Environmental Protection Administration, in conjunction with relevant ministries and commissions issued a “waste battery control policies”, pollution prevention and control of lead-acid batteries provide clear guidelines should be spent lead-acid sony vgp-bps5 battery recycling, prohibit the use of other disposal methods. Electric vehicle manufacturers and vendors must take responsibility for recycling of used batteries.

According to the “policy”, lead-acid batteries, such as abandoned rechargeable  hp f4809a battery (hereinafter referred to as “spent rechargeable batteries”) should be the manufacturer of rechargeable batteries, rechargeable batteries to use products manufacturer, commissioned the production of other battery manufacturers to use their The trademark owner of the rechargeable NB-4L battery  recycling business commitment, “spent rechargeable batteries”. Rechargeable batteries and use of these batteries electrical goods sales in its business should be to set up sales outlets of the separation and recovery of waste  hp f4812a battery recycling facilities, and standards relating to the establishment of a clear identity.

We often get such a proposal in an external power adapter, the dell XPS M140 battery  should be removed, that the use of power, the battery will charge on top, not only to increase the number of charge and will charge-off caused by the phenomenon, and Damage the battery life.

The fact is that whether the pool removed, the conflict focused on the use of an external power supply when the dell 0X217 battery  is charging up the issue. To know that the number of battery charging and discharging a direct bearing on the life of the general set of lithium battery charge and discharge the number of fixed and charge only the number of 400-600, specially to improve the product but also 800 times, once for each charge on the battery Retired to step forward. The first point of view is nothing but fear the use of power, the dell 01X284 battery  will charge on top, not only to increase the number of charge and will have sufficient cause.

But the big brand models, full of battery power on the computer, using an external power supply when it will no longer charge. In fact, a lot of notebook manufacturers are taking into account the vulnerability of the dell 0XR693 battery  and products to add to the protection of battery technology, and therefore different from the corresponding brand notebook battery charge protection technology is different, as some large companies in this area very It is true that as: IBM, Hewlett-Packard, Toshiba, Compaq and so on. One of the most thoughtful consideration is IBM, IBM laptop battery discharge can detect the situation, ThinkPad notebook battery power only less than 95% of the time will automatically charge. This battery can play a good role in the protection, quite a number of other companies have to follow. Therefore, such as batteries, you do not need to use the time to pull down, because only when less than 95% of electricity when it will charge.

But even then, if you are using the computer for a long time, or the battery will be removed to better notebook for a long time because the heat generated when running on battery to a certain extent of the injury. However, some other “brand” of dell 0XR693 battery , may not enjoy such treatment because it has not done inside the battery protection technology. I like to use a certain brand of notebook computer, a battery on top in the use of an external power supply certainly have to charge about electricity, because the battery when the store will have wear and tear can not be 100%, and as long as it is not 100% , Connected to the power supply on the charge. Every time an external power supply on access to the equivalent of battery time, although only a small charge will be the time. Therefore, we proposed the use of the time according to their own machine case may be, look at notebooks statement, choose to use an external power supply when the  dell 1691P battery  is removed.

Tips: brand model by adding a battery of battery protection technology, generally do not have to worry about external power supply can cause the dell 1K500 battery to the charge-off, small brands may not be such a treatment, so that everyone in the use of the time based on their own machines The case may be, look at notebooks statement, choose to use an external power supply when the dell 1X793 battery  is removed.

Abstract: Analysis of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell in the way of transfer of water and put forward the need for fuel cell humidifier, introduced the study is being applied from the humidifier Technology Research, pointed out that since the humidifier technology is the future of Proton Exchange Membrane Humidifier fuel cell technology development, with good prospects for research of  laptop battery  .

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as a highly efficient, environmentally friendly power generation equipment, research in recent years become a hot spot. At present, the PEMFC for the proton exchange membrane are in need of water can exist proton conduction, and the only fully hydrated state with only the best proton conductivity,Dell battery  the proton exchange membrane must contain sufficient water, In a good state of hydration. On the other hand, the battery is too high in water content would lead to the electrode catalyst in the flooded stains, the loss of reactivity; at the same time will lead to its associated gas diffusion layer of water channels have been blocked to prevent the reaction of the gas into the Gas or contact with the catalyst so that the density of air decreases, the sharp decline in sony vgp-bps5 battery performance, the battery in water management has become very important, is a humidifier to solve the battery problems of water management one of the effective ways.

1 PEMFC the need for humidifying

PEMFC anode electrode reaction: H2 → 2H + +2 e -

Cathode electrode reaction: 1/2O2 +2 H + +2 e-→ H2O

Water in the electrode in the process of migration mainly in two ways
⑴ electromigration: H + arising from the anode through the proton exchange membrane to the cathode migrate, it will bring some of the hydration water molecules to form protons (H3O +), electromigration of water, batteries and current density of the proton and relevant number of hydration IBM battery .  

⑵ concentration anti-proliferation:HP battery cathode generated electrochemistry occurred in the water, as well as the role of electromigration will cause the cathode side of the water content increased in the anode and cathode between the water concentration gradient. In the role of the concentration gradient, the water from the cathode to the anode will be counter-proliferation, counter-proliferation and migration of water, the water concentration gradient in the water and proton exchange membrane in direct proportion to the diffusion coefficient.

In actual operation, on the one hand, as the current density increases, more and reverse the spread of water are lower than the electro-osmotic migration of water, which means that when the Asus a42-a3 battery cathode Zone has also maintained a fairly good water conditions , The battery anode because of the relocation of the water has reached a dry, high current density, which is particularly obvious. On the other hand, when a larger flow of gas into the battery, air intake in particular the Department cathode intake of proton exchange membrane was dry, resulting in increased resistance of the cell, PEMFC sharp decline in performance, it is essential that the battery into the response Humidifier gases.

At present, people entering the Compaq battery pack response to the air humidifier for dealing with the general use of outside and inside the humidifier humidifier way way way to be both humidifier to use humidifier systems, proton exchange membrane of the water directly from the battery into the The gas to control the reaction. Self-humidifying technology as a new technology, the ability to remove a large, complex support system humidifier to become the focus of attention.

2 Self-humidifying Technology Research

2.1 Since the composite membrane humidifier

PEMFC in the operation, due to the spread of the phenomenon of cross-existence of a small amount of hydrogen will penetrate through the proton exchange membrane electrode to produce oxygen mixed potential, resulting in decreased efficiency and at the same time there are potential safety problems. If so that the response to the proliferation of gas in the synthesis of water-electrolyte membrane, not only to eliminate the adverse effects of the above can also achieve real-time membrane humidifier. Since the new type of composite membrane humidifier of the above-mentioned study is based on the idea Apple laptop battery .

Self-humidifying fuel cell battery operation is to use water to generate its own response to the realization of the membrane humidifier. Since the adoption of humidifier technology, lower production costs, streamline the operation of the battery system to increase fuel cell power than the volume and quality of power than the current people’s self-humidifying the study focused on 3 aspects.

(1) Self-Pt-doped composite membrane humidifier design some scholars consider the adoption of Pt-doped to change the traditional method of solid electrolyte membrane of the micro-structure, makes proton exchange membrane into the air in response to the Pt catalyst for the next generation of water reaction to wetting Membrane.

Watannabe [7] and others try to spread in thin electrolyte membrane Pt nano-particles into the spread of the electrolyte membrane oxidant and reductant Pt particles in the gas-electric Department synthetic water, so that the membrane to maintain adequate hydration status. However, Pt particles in the film scattered unevenly in the network will be formed electronic channel, could lead to the sony pcga-bp2v battery  self-discharge occurred because the battery is failure.

Tae-Hyun Yang [8] to consider the two-electrolyte membrane between the introduction of a vacuum sputtering Pt particles layer, penetration into the membrane in response to Pt gas through the catalytic reaction to generate water, wetting the film completed. This approach by a system of the Pt film is more evenly distributed, but the thick membrane (200μm), it will increase the battery internal resistance, gas permeability amount too little, too little water to generate membrane, almost lost since the humidifier The significance of

Fu-qiang Liu [9] In the study, based on Yang’s use of the porous PTFE membrane to Pt particles dispersed, so that the dispersion of Pt layer near the side of the anode, which is conducive to the anode of the humidifier at the same time making Pt content and easy-to-thickness control Self-humidifying membrane changes in the scope of the power applied to smaller sony PCGA-BP2R battery ; However, the production of this film a long time, the relatively high cost, relatively large proton resistance, there are still difficult to avoid the issue of electronic short-circuit, which limits the use of fact Of.

(2) doping substances in water from the composite membrane humidifier design

In the electrolyte membrane in a number of doping absorbent material, the absorbent material can absorb water to form the battery electrolyte membrane wetting.

Watanabe oxide absorbent to SiO2, TiO2, or their mixture of doping in the proton exchange membrane, and through N2H4 restore [Pt (NH3)] Cl2 in the film deposited in Pt particles (1 ~ 2 nm). Experiments show that the sony PCGA-BP71 battery in the low current density of these oxides will work in water, and high current density when the release of water so that it can regulate membrane of the water balance.

L. Wang [10] and others Pt/SiO2 catalyst particles will be evenly distributed among the Nafion resin, the solution adopted by the method of casting a system Pt-SiO2/Nafion/PTFE enhanced composite film, Pt/SiO2 particles on the membrane into the electrolyte and H2 O2 has played a catalytic role in the response generated by water can be absorbed SiO2 particles, which played wettability on the role of the electrolyte membrane.

Rong Zeng [11] and others will PFSI solution and silica mixed, after the cast method obtained PFSI / Silica Composite membrane, researchers found that the silica gel in the film is distributed more evenly in the compound of the proton conductive membrane was a very The large increase in the absence of external humidification, single-cell test performance is better.

2.2 Self-humidifying membrane electrode design

Self-humidifying membrane electrode assembly (MEA) through the gas diffusion layer, the catalyst for proton exchange membrane, as well as to optimize their combined or modified to enhance product of the electrochemical water to the anode of the anti-proliferation, to achieve self-humidifying.

Mao Qiang, Yang Tao made an asymmetric membrane electrode structure is based on the idea that they were on the oxygen electrode and hydrogen electrode for hydrophobic and hydrophilic treatment, strengthening the cathode to the anode water reverse the spread of the net from the cathode to the anode transfer The water can hydrogen electrode in a humid, so the film can maintain water balance.

In the electrode structure on the basis of the above, Wang Cheng, such as sol - gel Nano SiO2 gel, the anode catalyst layer scattered in the membrane, such SiO2 particles / Nafion thin layer of polymer to further enhance the cathode to the anode of the water Anti-proliferation effect.

Some scholars consider the gas diffusion layer (GDL) for the matrix, with the GDL in catalytic coating layer by layer between the carbon and PTFE prepared by the porous layer (MPL) to solve the battery problems of water management. JinhuaChen [15] in the gas diffusion layer and the catalyst layer between the design of a new type of water management (WML), he will PTFE powder and the nano-carbon hybrid spread-the spread of the matrix, from import to export sony pcga-bp2ny battery WML composition of the gradient distribution in Figure 2 (a) as shown.

PEMFC tradition in the relative humidity is increasing, and therefore easily lead to the air intake in the vicinity of the proton exchange membrane was drying, this WML of the PEMFC, from the intake Koudao exports relative humidity in the range of between 80-100% fluctuations, Therefore, proton exchange membrane can maintain good hydration status and better proton conductivity in order to avoid the drying up of the membrane and cathode water, and gas in response to low relative humidity, can increase the hp f4809a battery performance.

2.3 Self-humidifying the structural design of flow field

Since the humidifier is a flow of the main flow to rely on the special board designed to maintain or transfer part of the product of the electrochemical water, batteries for the membrane electrode to create a relatively moist environment, to guarantee its good proton channel.

hp f4812a battery at the entrance of the gas is very dry, the flow of gas through the process, water generated by the battery wetting, in the exit of a certain humidity. F. N. The use Fuchi such as the characteristics of the current use of the air means the battery from the humidifier function.

Wood and others devised a “cross-finger-like flow” of the flow field structure in Figure (3) as shown. The flow chart as a maze of export of gas by forced convection mechanism to reach the catalyst layer cell involved in the response. In the role of shear stress, the flow of water as part of the air out of batteries, reducing the possibility of flooding electrode; the other part is the infiltration of water into dry film membrane wetting.

Some researchers and bipolar plate materials on the surface have been studied. Shelekhinr made in the bipolar plate flow along both sides of the laying of water, the water by the hydrophilic inert materials, such as filter paper, glass fibers, and other components; work when the battery cathode side of the water be absorbed evenly and storage of surplus water , The battery when the water hydrophilic be stored in the water supply membrane electrode in order to achieve self-humidifying membrane. S. H. Ge will be 2-absorbent polyvinyl alcohol sponges were placed on the cathode side of the flow of the upper and the lower part, to absorb the electrochemical reaction to generate the water to wet the dry air entrance.

3 outlook

The PEMFC humidifier in recent years has become an issue of research hot spots. Since the humidifier can be removed due to the technology of its huge, complex external support system aimed at simplifying the system battery, hp dm842a battery to reduce manufacturing costs, since the humidifier research more practical significance, is considered the most promising fuel-cell applications.

Since the humidifier in a comprehensive research results, I believe that since the humidifier in the current research is focused on the design of composite membrane humidifier, if the humidifier from the composite film, since the humidifier membrane electrode, since the flow humidifier The design of the three

It is reported that laptop battery market research firm FBR said the recent solar panel prices have fallen by 6% -8%. The bank expects solar panel prices will decline accelerated in November, and in the fourth quarter of 2008 to 2009 during the first quarter fell 10%   hp f4809a battery , hp f4812a battery ,hp F4098A , hp PB991A , hp PB992A , hp PB994A ,hp PB995A , hp Pavilion ZV5000 , hp Pavilion ZV6000 , hp DP399A , hp PP2200 , hp PP2210 .

FBR that the “severe” pricing pressure will weaken the industry’s gross margin expectations.

   Japan’s Sanyo Electric Company from September this year, followed by volume production of low-resistance characteristics of lithium-ion rechargeable battery protection circuit MOSFET “ECH8″, “EMH8″ and “EFCP” 3 series 11 kinds of products, mainly for mobile phones The use of a series or the use of two lithium-ion rechargeable battery applications. As low-resistance, in addition to improve battery-powered time, can also support rapid charging, and so on.

ECH8 and EMH8 two series did not use wire bonding, but through the use of copper wire connecting the folder of welding, so that shape resistance to 1 m Ω below, to the original 1 / 10. From this, “ECH8651R” (Dimension 2.9 × 2.8 × 0.9mm, pressure 24 V) achieved a 4.5 V load voltage in the on-resistance was only 10.5 m Ω.

Dimensions 2.9 × 2.8 × 0.9mm of ECH8 a total of five kinds of products. On-resistance of 10.5 m to 18 m Ω, pressure is 24 V and 30 V goods. EMH8 series total of three kinds of products. Dimensions for the 2.0 × 2.1 × 0.75mm, width and height than ECH8 small, to package smaller than 3 mm in width of the protection circuit on the floor. On-resistance for 19 ~ 28 m Ω. Pressure is 20 V, 24V and 30 V goods.

On the other hand, EFCP series can be used directly through the tin-chip package structure of the CSP, which width and height than the EMH series of even smaller. EFCP have a series of Dimensions for 1.61 × 1.61 × 0.55mm and 2, Dimension to 1.81 × 1.81 × 0.55mm products. EFCP series with the chip will charge and discharge MOSFET MOSFET used to link up to 4 video package.

   Japan. The United States. South Korea plans a number of large enterprises in the year 2008 jointly developed fuel cell communication equipment of international standards, unity and security benchmarks fuel components, fuel cells, low-cost production possible.

According to “Japanese Economic News” recently reported that in addition to Japan’s Toshiba, Hitachi, NEC, Samsung Electronics and the United States engaged in the development of the MTI fuel cell companies, telecommunications companies and other fuel cell companies will also participate in the formulation of this standard.

This standard is expected to become the International Electrotechnical Commission’s series of international standards and become the de facto industry standard.

Many electronics companies are now separate trial production of fuel cells, manufacturing costs are generally the lithium battery several times. These companies hope that through uniform standards, share-related design, but also to receive bulk supply of parts and components, thus reducing production costs.

   Mitsubishi Motors, GS Yuasa Power Supply and MC’s joint venture company - Lithium Energy Japan has announced the production of new lithium-ion asus battery factory sites and factories. GS Yuasa Power Supply, the parent company of GS Yuasa (GS uasa Corporation) on July 31, 08 Kusatsu in Shiga factory in the city sites and factories, for LithiumEnergyJapan hire. Lithium Energy Japanh plan the future establishment of production lines, 08 years to begin pilot production of li-ion laptop battery .

The company scheduled to begin mass production early 09 year, the annual production capacity of 200,000 units for 50 Ah’s “LEV50″ battery. This is equivalent to 2,000 Mitsubishi Electric Vehicle “i-MiEV” the necessary quantity. As large-capacity lithium-ion Evo N610C battery can not only meet the car, but is expected to meet the general needs of industry, volume production, the company will continue to enhance the equipment, and strive to increase production capacity at an early date will be the first to five times.

  Sony’s public relations manager Al de Leon said in an interview time, PSP using large-capacity laptop battery has to be cut-off.

Although large-capacity PCGA-BP71  battery can PSP2000 raise nearly double the use of time, but this premise is the appearance of the expense of PSP2000, the battery of the processes, look very uncoordinated. After players testing, the use of high-capacity battery time can achieve nearly 12 hours.

Al de Leon said: “Although we will be large-capacity battery production, but we are developing other peripherals to extend the PSP’s use of time, we will continue to service users.”

It seems that Sony will release the other time to solve the  VGP-BPL2  battery life of the peripherals, PSP players stay tuned.

  August 6 According to “The Japanese economy Business Daily” (Nikkei business daily), by the Japanese maker of automotive battery manufacturer GS Yuasa Corp, a leading joint venture will soon begin production of lithium-ion batteries, and to continue to keep ahead of competitors The advantage of this joint venture will be the annual production of lithium-ion battery than the original plan to increase five-fold.

At the same time, “Japan’s economy Business Daily” also revealed that, but it is Japan’s Mitsubishi Motors Corp. to cooperate for a joint venture partner will spend 36.94 million U.S. dollars to set up a new factory to lithium-ion batteries used in the production, and the new factory will be from next year Spring began production in the first battery output can be enough to support 10,000 electric cars to use.

In addition, “Japan’s economy Business Daily” also reported that this joint venture will invest an additional 92.35 million U.S. dollars to lithium-ion batteries used to increase the annual output, so that by 2012 the annual output of lithium-ion battery would be enough to supply 20,000 The use of electric cars.

In the last month told Reuters, GS Yuasa, president Makoto Yoda also said that the current joint venture enterprise is looking for more venues to construction projects in the lithium-ion battery manufacturing plant, because the joint venture forecasts Once the new plant put into operation next year, the demand for lithium-ion   Latitude CPi  batteries will be to double the size of the annual rate of increase.